Which test is used for diagnosing Zika virus infection?

The diagnosis of Zika virus infection primarily relies on the use of both reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) and Serological detection of IgM antibodies. The rtPCR is essential for detecting the viral RNA, particularly during the acute phase of the infection, ideally within the first two weeks after symptom onset. This method demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity, allowing for the identification of the virus in blood or other bodily fluids.

Alongside rtPCR, the detection of IgM antibodies provides important supplementary information. IgM antibodies typically appear later in the course of infection and remain detectable for a longer period, serving as an indicator of recent infection. Testing for both rtPCR and IgM antibodies increases the likelihood of accurately diagnosing Zika virus, as it allows for confirmation of active infection and provides a broader temporal diagnostic window.

While the other tests mentioned can be used in different contexts, they do not provide the same accuracy or reliability for diagnosing Zika virus. The ELISA test can be used but is more commonly associated with serological testing for other viruses, and it’s not the first-line test for diagnosing Zika. The Western blot is more often used for confirmatory testing rather than primary diagnosis, and rapid antigen tests lack the sensitivity and specificity required for