Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for second stage of labor arrest?

Normal birth weight is not a risk factor for arrest of the second stage of labor because it typically indicates that the fetus is within an expected weight range, which usually facilitates progress during labor. When the birth weight is normal, the presenting part of the fetus is less likely to cause obstructive issues during delivery. In contrast, other factors, such as parity, epidural analgesia, and delayed pushing, can influence the dynamics of labor and may contribute to difficulties in progress during the second stage.

Parity, or the number of previous births a woman has had, can affect the strength of contractions and the body's familiarity with the labor process, which can influence the duration of the second stage. Epidural analgesia, while beneficial for pain relief, can impact the ability to effectively push and might lead to prolonged labor depending on when it is administered. Delayed pushing can hinder effective descent of the fetus in the birth canal, making it more likely for arrest in the second stage to occur. Thus, understanding the implications of these factors is crucial for managing labor effectively.