Which of the following is a risk factor for recurrent urinary tract infections during pregnancy?

Decreased bladder tone is recognized as a risk factor for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) during pregnancy. As pregnancy progresses, hormonal changes can affect the tone and function of the bladder. The growing uterus can also exert pressure on the bladder, which might compromise its ability to fully empty, leading to urinary retention. This retention creates a conducive environment for bacterial growth, increasing the likelihood of recurrent infections.

In contrast, the other options listed pertain to lifestyle or dietary factors that do not directly influence the functionality of the urinary system in the context of pregnancy. Increased dietary sodium, high alcohol consumption, and frequent high-impact exercise may have their own health implications during pregnancy but are not specifically linked to the mechanisms that contribute to recurrent UTIs. Understanding how decreased bladder tone affects urinary tract health is key to managing and preventing UTIs in pregnant patients.