What type of bacteria is Group B Streptococcus?

Group B Streptococcus (GBS), known scientifically as Streptococcus agalactiae, is classified as a Gram-positive coccus. This means that under the Gram stain procedure, it retains the crystal violet dye and appears blue or violet when observed under a microscope. The primary reason for this characteristic is the thick peptidoglycan layer present in its cell wall, which is a feature of Gram-positive bacteria.

GBS is significant in obstetrics, particularly because it is a leading cause of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in newborns. Pregnant women can be screened for GBS during the late stages of pregnancy, as colonization can lead to transmission to the infant during delivery. Identifying GBS correctly as a Gram-positive coccus is essential for understanding its behavior, potential infections, and the treatment strategies that may be employed to prevent infections in both mothers and newborns.