What risk is associated with paternal age increasing during conception?

As paternal age increases, there is an associated increase in the risk of spontaneous mutations, particularly those occurring in autosomal dominant genes. Advanced paternal age has been linked to a higher frequency of new mutations due to factors such as the increased number of cell divisions that male germ cells undergo throughout a male's lifetime. Each division carries a risk of copying errors, and as men age, the likelihood of these mutations rises. This can result in genetic disorders in offspring, including neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism and schizophrenia, which are more commonly associated with older paternal age.

The other choices, while related to various risks in pregnancy or genetic conditions, do not specifically link to paternal age in the same direct way as option B does. For instance, gestational diabetes and other maternal complications are more closely associated with maternal age and health, rather than paternal age.