What is true regarding fetal circulation?

Fetal circulation is characterized by the presence of two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. This configuration is essential for the proper exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother and the fetus. The two umbilical arteries transport deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta, where carbon dioxide and metabolic waste are exchanged for oxygen and nutrients that are delivered back to the fetus through the single umbilical vein.

This structure facilitates efficient fetal development by maintaining a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients from the maternal circulation while also ensuring the removal of waste products. The presence of two arteries and one vein is a standard anatomical feature in normal fetal circulation, reflecting the functional dichotomy of blood flow in the fetal body. Understanding this arrangement is crucial for recognizing any abnormality that could lead to complications in fetal health.