What is the role of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in patients on anticoagulation therapy?

Calcium and vitamin D supplementation plays a significant role in maintaining bone health, particularly in patients who may be at risk for osteopenia or osteoporosis, such as those on long-term anticoagulation therapy. Anticoagulant medications, particularly certain types, can have an impact on bone metabolism and increase the risk of bone density loss. Therefore, supplementation with calcium and vitamin D is essential in these patients to help support bone density and reduce the risk of developing osteopenia.

Calcium is crucial for maintaining proper bone structure, and vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium from the diet. Without adequate levels of these nutrients, patients may experience declining bone health, making them more susceptible to fractures. This is especially important for individuals on anticoagulants, as they may already face increased risks for fractures due to potential falls or injuries, compounded by the effects of the medication on bone density.

Other options present considerations that do not directly relate to the established roles of calcium and vitamin D in the context of anticoagulation therapy. While reducing bleeding risk and improving wound healing are important aspects of patient care, they do not directly correlate with the functions of calcium and vitamin D. Furthermore, hyperkalemia is not a concern linked to these supplements, as calcium