What is the risk of fetal malformations associated with radiation exposure during pregnancy?

The risk of fetal malformations associated with radiation exposure during pregnancy is significant when the dose exceeds 0.10 Gray. This threshold is based on studies that have shown an increased likelihood of congenital anomalies when the fetus is exposed to doses of ionizing radiation at or above this level. It is particularly critical during the first trimester of pregnancy when organogenesis occurs, as the developing fetus is most vulnerable to teratogenic effects from radiation.

Radiation doses below this threshold, while generally considered safer, are not entirely without risk, as fetal sensitivity to radiation can vary. The idea that there is no risk below a certain level can be misleading, as even low doses can carry some potential for harm, although the probabilities decrease significantly. Therefore, establishing a clear threshold like 0.10 Gray helps healthcare professionals assess and communicate the risks associated with radiation exposure during pregnancy effectively.