What is the purpose of an external cephalic version?

The purpose of an external cephalic version is to turn the fetus to a vertex presentation, which is the optimal position for delivery. In cases where the fetus is in a breech or transverse lie, this procedure is performed to manipulate the fetal position externally, typically during the late second trimester or early third trimester.

This change in position can help facilitate a safer vaginal delivery, as vertex presentation, where the head is down in the birth canal, is associated with lower risks for both the mother and the baby compared to a breech presentation. The procedure is guided by ultrasound to ensure fetal safety and monitor the fetal heart rate and well-being, but its primary goal is to achieve a vertex position.

The other options, while related to various aspects of obstetric care, do not accurately reflect the specific purpose of the external cephalic version. Inducing labor, managing fetal distress, and checking heart rates are important components of obstetric practice but do not pertain directly to the mechanics and intent behind performing an external cephalic version.