What is the most common type of kidney stones found?

Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stones, accounting for a significant majority of cases. These stones form when calcium combines with oxalate in the urine. Several factors contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones, including high concentrations of calcium in urine, dehydration, and dietary choices, such as high oxalate intake from certain foods. Their prevalence is also linked to specific metabolic conditions that may predispose individuals to stone formation.

While other types of stones, such as uric acid, calcium phosphate, and cystine stones, do occur, they represent a smaller proportion of total kidney stones. Uric acid stones typically form in acidic urine and are often associated with high protein diets or conditions like gout. Calcium phosphate stones can occur in alkaline urine and may be associated with certain metabolic disorders. Cystine stones are rare and result from a genetic disorder that causes excess cystine in the urine.

Understanding that calcium oxalate stones are the most common helps identify risk factors and informs preventive strategies for patients susceptible to developing kidney stones.