What is the classic triad of congenital rubella syndrome?

The classic triad of congenital rubella syndrome consists of cataracts, deafness, and heart defects. Congenital rubella syndrome occurs when a pregnant woman is infected with the rubella virus, particularly in the first trimester, and can lead to various birth defects. Cataracts can develop due to the teratogenic effects of the virus on the developing eyes, resulting in lens opacification. Hearing loss commonly occurs as a result of the virus affecting the auditory pathways during critical periods of development. Heart defects, notably patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary artery stenosis, are also linked to rubella infection. This triad is significant because it encompasses some of the most severe and recognizable consequences of the infection, highlighting the importance of rubella vaccination prior to and during pregnancy to prevent these outcomes.