What is a neural tube defect (NTD)?

A neural tube defect (NTD) is correctly identified as a congenital structural abnormality of the central nervous system (CNS) and the vertebral column. Neural tube defects occur when the neural tube, which forms the early structure of the brain and spinal cord during early fetal development, does not close completely. This failure can result in various congenital conditions such as spina bifida or anencephaly, leading to significant physical and neurological impairments.

The definition emphasizes that NTDs are structural abnormalities rather than functional ones or hereditary infections, which distinguishes them from other types of congenital disorders. The focus is on the developmental aspect where the malfunction in the formation of neural structures leads to the defects. Understanding the specific nature of these defects aids in recognizing their impact on health and development and underscores the importance of prenatal care and adequate maternal nutrition, particularly folic acid supplementation to mitigate the risk of developing NTDs.