What is a common fetal side effect related to AEDs in pregnancy?

Fetal anticonvulsant syndrome is a recognized teratogenic effect associated with the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy. This syndrome encompasses a variety of fetal anomalies and developmental issues that can arise due to exposure to these medications in utero. The characteristic features of fetal anticonvulsant syndrome can include facial dysmorphism, growth restrictions, developmental delays, and abnormalities in the cardiovascular and skeletal systems.

The risk associated with AEDs is particularly concerning given that many of these medications can cross the placental barrier, affecting the developing fetus. The syndrome is most commonly associated with specific AEDs, such as valproate, which has been well-documented for its connection to neural tube defects and cognitive impairment when taken during critical periods of fetal development.

In contrast, premature birth, low birth weight, and gestational diabetes, while they may be influenced by various factors during pregnancy, are not directly associated with the teratogenic effects of AEDs. These conditions are more complex and can arise from a multitude of maternal health factors, lifestyle choices, and pregnancy complications. Hence, when considering the specific fetal side effects related to AEDs, fetal anticonvulsant syndrome stands out as a notable concern for both obstetric care