What is a characteristic of hemoglobin A2 in response to beta thalassemia?

In the context of beta thalassemia, hemoglobin A2 levels typically increase as a compensatory mechanism for the reduced production of beta globin chains. Beta thalassemia results in an imbalance in globin chain synthesis, leading to a relative excess of alpha globin chains. As a response to the inadequate beta globin, the body increases the production of delta globin chains, contributing to the formation of hemoglobin A2 (which consists of two alpha chains and two delta chains).

This increase in hemoglobin A2 is significant because it can serve as a useful diagnostic marker when evaluating patients for beta thalassemia, as elevated levels can help distinguish this condition from other types of anemia. Monitoring hemoglobin A2 levels can assist healthcare providers in both diagnosing and managing beta thalassemia effectively.