What defines intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)?

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is primarily defined by the estimated fetal weight (EFW) being below the 10th percentile for gestational age. This definition indicates that the fetus is smaller than the majority of fetuses at the same gestational age, which may suggest underlying issues with fetal development or placental insufficiency. Recognizing IUGR is crucial as it can lead to increased risks of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and can be associated with long-term health consequences for the child.

The criteria surrounding EFW below the 10th percentile helps healthcare providers identify which fetuses require closer monitoring and potential intervention. When a fetus measures below this threshold, it often prompts further evaluation, including assessments of placental function and considerations for preterm delivery if the risks outweigh the benefits of continued gestation.

Understanding IUGR and its implications helps direct appropriate management to optimize outcomes for both mother and fetus. Other options presented pertain to different clinical scenarios or conditions that do not specifically align with the definition of IUGR. For instance, EFW above the 90th percentile refers to macrosomia, while a decline in amniotic fluid volume relates to oligohydramnios, and maternal weight gain is more