What are three differential diagnoses for congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) involves a defect in the diaphragm allowing abdominal contents to move into the thoracic cavity, compromising lung development and function. In considering differential diagnoses, it is crucial to identify conditions that can present with respiratory distress or abnormal lung structures in a neonate or infant.

The first part of the correct answer highlights cystic lesions of the lung and bronchogenic cysts. Cystic lesions, such as cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM), can appear as lung masses that may cause respiratory distress similar to CDH. Bronchogenic cysts are congenital lesions that arise from abnormal development of the bronchial tree; while these lesions can also be found in the thorax, they can lead to respiratory symptoms, mimicking those of CDH.

The inclusion of a mediastinal teratoma is significant as teratomas can be located in the mediastinum and might press on the trachea or other thoracic structures, leading to symptoms that might be confused with those seen in CDH.

Recognizing these conditions as possible differentials helps in the appropriate imaging and management strategies for the affected infant. Each condition not only shares overlapping symptoms but may also require distinct therapeutic interventions. Thus