During which time frame can perinatal depression manifest?

Perinatal depression can manifest during the time frame that includes pregnancy and continues up to 12 months after delivery, which makes the chosen answer accurate. This condition encompasses a range of mood disorders that can occur during pregnancy, as well as in the postpartum period, reflecting the term "perinatal," which relates to the time period surrounding childbirth.

Recognizing that perinatal depression can develop both before and after delivery is important, as early identification and management can significantly impact the health of both the mother and the infant. If left unaddressed, it can lead to complications such as impaired bonding between mother and child and may affect child development.

Other options suggest limitations that do not capture the full scope of perinatal depression. Stating that it occurs only during pregnancy excludes the significant incidence that can arise in the postpartum period. Moreover, narrow time frames like only in the first three months after delivery miss the broader window where symptoms may emerge. Thus, the correct understanding of the timeline for perinatal depression is crucial for adequate diagnosis and treatment.